Year of the Ram: Chinese New Year Feature
	Year of the Ram: Chinese New Year Feature (Feature) Washington Journal: Is War Good for Asian Pacific Americans? (in National News) Cheu Steps Down as Executive Director of LGBT Center (in Bay Area News) U.S. Opens Door to Shanghai Club (in Sports) Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend (in A&E) Emil Amok: Internment? No, Harrassment is Enough (in Opinion)

Ram Year Events in Asian Pacific American History

1763
Filipinos indentured into the “Manila galleon trade” (1565-1815) between Mexico and the Philippines settle in Louisiana after jumping ship. They build their villages on stilts and fish for their livelihood.

1787
The U.S. Constitution is signed at the Pennsylvania State house in Philadelphia. This important document continues to have a huge impact on immigration and lawmaking in the modern world.

1859
Chinese are excluded from public schools in San Francisco.

1871
Japan and Hawai‘i sign a friendship treaty.

1883
The Japanese began to replace the Chinese as a source of cheap labor, after the Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882, prohibits the entrance of Chinese laborers and prohibits courts from issuing citizenship to them.

1907
• Jan. 17 U.S. Attorney Devlin files a brief on behalf of Aoki Keikichi against Principal Deane of Redding School to test the constitutionality of the segregation order issued by the San Francisco School Board. The case of Aoki v. Deane is dismissed after President Theodore Roosevelt intervenes and forces the San Francisco School Board to rescind its segregation order.

• Feb. 20 President Roosevelt signs a bill that further restricts Japanese immigration.

• Mar. 14 On the basis of the Feb. 20 immigration law, President Roosevelt issues an Executive Order that bars Japanese from entering the mainland via Hawai‘i, Mexico or Canada. In exchange for Roosevelt’s intervention in the San Francisco school segregation case, Japan does not protest.

• Sept. 2 Representatives from 24 Korean American organizations meet in Honolulu and decide to create the United Federation.

• Oct. 22 The United Federation publishes its first newspaper, United Korean News.

Recruitment intensifies for single Filipino men to work in Alaskan fisheries and the growing agribusinesses of Hawai‘i and California.

1919
• Mar. 1 Koreans in Korea protest Japanese colonial rule with a nonviolent nationwide demonstration. Many Koreans are killed by Japanese police. By March 9, news reaches Koreans in America and the Korean National Association launches a fund-raising campaign for independence, collecting $10,000.

• September Valentine Stuart McClatchy (1857-1938) forms the California Joint Immigration Committee and uses it to drum up support for his anti-Japanese activities.

1931
• The Cable Act — first passed in 1922, revoking the American citizenship of any citizen woman marrying an alien ineligible for U.S. citizenship — is amended, allowing women to retain their citizenship after marrying an alien.

• The India Society of America is founded by Hari G. Govil in New York.

1943
• Feb. 5 The Wyoming state legislature denies U.S. citizens at its Heart Mountain detention camp the right to vote. Similar laws are passed by other detention-camp states.

• Feb. 8 A loyalty questionnaire is administered at all 10 detention camps to men and women over age 17.

• April 11 James Hatsuaki Wakasa, age 63, is shot and killed by a camp guard at the Topaz detention camp in Utah for wandering too close to the fence.

• May The all-Japanese 442nd Regimental Combat Team (RCT) assembles for training at Camp Shelby, Miss.

• July 15 The War Relocation Authority designates Tule Lake, Calif., as a segregation center for those detainees who would not sign the loyalty oath.

• Nov. 4 A mass demonstration takes place at Tule Lake to protest the death of a farm worker. The army takes over the camp and continues to occupy it until Jan. 14., 1944.

Chinese immigrants are granted the right to naturalize as a gesture of goodwill towards an ally.

1955

James Wong Howe (1898-1975) wins an Oscar for cinematography for The Rose Tattoo, which helps revive his career with the major studios.

1967
Anti-miscegenation laws are ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court (Loving v. Virginia)

1979
• John Ta-Chuan Fang establishes AsianWeek.

• A national Asian Pacific American movement to unify all APAs begins under the leadership of Mary and Mark Au. Their Asian American Heritage Council, Inc., is intended to educate communities about cultural and civil rights issues.

1991
• Major General John Liu Fugh earns the position of judge advocate general of the army, a post he will hold until his retirement in 1993. Major Fugh is the first Chinese American to attain general officer status in the military.

• The Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject is awarded to Steven Okazaki for Day of Waiting, the story of artist Estelle Ishigo, a white woman who chose internment over separation from her Japanese American husband.

• A resolution, introduced by Rep. Frank Horton, is passed by the House of Representatives on April 24, 1991, and approved by President George Bush on May 6, 1991, designating May 1991 as Asian Pacific American Heritage Month.

2003
Pakistani, Bangladeshi and North Korean immigrant men face “special registration” with the INS. The strict laws cause many Pakistani immigrants to flee to Canada.

First Indian American, APA woman astronaut dies when the Columbia space shuttle explodes upon re-entry on Feb. 1.