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My People’s History

By: Lisa Leong, Apr 15, 2008
Tags: Opinion, Voices from The Community |

Everything I learned about Asian Americans in my K-12 education can be summed up in one sentence: Chinese laborers built one half of the Transcontinental Railroad. I accepted that that was all there was. Here it was, my people’s greatest and sole contribution to the country: getting exploited.

I remember that the Chinese were good workers, willing to risk their lives blowing up mountains to make way for train tracks. Some died from the dynamite blasts. They were well-behaved in contrast to the Irish workers who drank and gambled. Because of their diligence, the Chinese finished their half of the railroad before the Irish.

This is a pretty racist version of history to learn in the fourth grade. While the stereotyping of Irish people is obvious, the depiction of the Chinese laborers seems like a compliment. “Positive” stereotypes are deceptive like that. Good, diligent and hard working is the model minority stereotype about Asian Americans, which shades how elementary school kids learn Asian American history. Everyone who goes through the American education system gets the standardized version of U.S. history — from which Asian Americans are largely absent.

Asian American studies gives the alternative to the standard curriculum. I re-learned about the Transcontinental Railroad in Asian American history class. I think my mouth fell open when the professor cited Ronald Takaki and told us that the Chinese railroad laborers organized a strike in 1867. They demanded the same wages and hours as the Irish laborers. What? I thought they sacrificed their lives setting off dynamite inside mountains so America would be the first to have a transcontinental railroad. Oh, this makes so much more sense.

Recovering this information reversed everything I knew about Asian Americans (my people!) from years of U.S. history — all one sentence of it. They weren’t entirely obedient. They contested their exploitation. The strike wasn’t successful, but they had fought back. I’m addicted to this empowering kind of information. I’ve been taking Asian American studies for a year, and have had the privilege of getting five hundred thousand more sentences about Asian Americans (rough estimate).

The impact of Asian American studies can be measured in much more than sentences though. The Chinese railroad workers strike is just one example of how “forgotten” information can change our perceptions. Along with history, Asian American studies covers literature, art, gender studies, politics, economics — everything we experience. It’s a way of learning about the world and our connection to it. In many ways, I’m learning how to be comfortable in my own skin, and I sense that my classmates feel the same way. There’s a feel-good buzz in Asian American studies classes.

So when I heard about Harvard’s lack of Asian American studies, it was kind of a buzzkill. I thought of all the Asian American students at Harvard who don’t get access to a source of empowerment. The students are protesting, rekindling the spirit of the 1980s movement, and asking the university to expand its scope of education. As the classic college institution, Harvard gets the newspaper headline, but Asian American studies needs to grow everywhere. Half of all Asian American studies undergraduate programs are in California, and there are only two graduate degree programs (San Francisco State University and UCLA). Beyond the university system, I think that Asian American studies should be more integrated with K-12 education.

Lisa Leong is a senior at UCLA majoring in art history.
She also studies French and Asian American studies, and writes for the online magazine
Asia Pacific Arts. This article was originally posted on
www.azntv.com/outspoken.

Comments

  1. I heard a version of this story from the Oriental Express when they were at MIT. Next year you’re going to learn about how the Chinese built the railroad. Next week you’re going to learn how the Chinese built the railroads. Here’s the book you can read it now. “And then the Chinese built the railroads”. That’s it? That’s all??

    –awarthurhu on Apr 15, 2008

  2. That same one-liner of Chinese laborers working to build railroads was also the single bit of information I learned growing up as well. And it saddens me that it took so long to even learn that there was more to it than just that tidbit. I definitely agree that they need to teach/incorporate more Asian American studies/history from K-12, the younger the better.

    –Jenyc on Apr 16, 2008

  3. Ms. Leong,

    Please read Dr. Jean Pfaelzer’s book entitled DRIVEN OUT about just how badly the early Chinese pioneers were mistreated all over CA, OR, WA including places like WY and other Western states. She tells about why Chinese to this day don’t attend Humboldt State University except in rare cases. Thanks for your comments. Bobby Joe Moon, Houston TX

    –Bobby Joe Moon on Apr 16, 2008

  4. for future reference, I did go through a “I’m going to learn and buy every book and everything on Asian American history” phase (I did, and I probably have the biggest collection of Asian American books in the Pacific Northwest, which is only about 3 shelves worth…) and hung out with Boston’s Asian American Resource Workshop, which is why I can appreciate a politically correct Asian-American viewpoint along with my conservatism. I’ll probably do my Asian American version of Wright’s wrant on how awful America has been and still is towards Asians. Seems every town from Vancouver Island to California has a little plaque or museum about an incident where they burned down the chinatown, or where it had to be relocated 5 times after being burned, or driven into boats back into China. I have another book that had a dot on every town that had an anti-Chinese riot, and it covered just about every town on the Rand McNally Western US map. Now that I work with people from China, it’s almost in bad taste to paint how bad it was in the bad old days. I think though the problem is probably like ethnic economics in that there aren’t that many Asians to consume AsAm history, and what Asians we do have are likely to skip it over until they reach their identity guilt phase in or after college, after they’ve studied their hearts out in calculus and physics. What really needs to happen, as with African American studies is to promote Asian stories as much as other people have sold their stories. Americans generally like the stories of ML King, Motown, Malcolm X, the Glory regiment and the Tuskegee airmen
    When masses of Americans are as familiar with the Go For Broke Nisei, the 50 per year Chinese immigration quota, The Chinese Must Go!, the bachelor society along with the Model Minority phases, then the rest will follow, but then on the other hand we’ve been such miserable no-shows in the entertainment biz since the 1960s, that’s just wishful thinking. Navel gazing won’t generate much demand, you’ve got to get the rest of America enthused about your history and accomplishments.

    –awarthurhu on Apr 16, 2008

  5. “awarthurhu”:
    Are you one and the same with the Arthur “Hu’s on First”?
    If so, your immediately foregoing post is a wonder of wunderkind wanderings.
    Don’t get me wrong. I admire same.
    Just as I stand in awe of the Art Hu who said he would like to be a panelist, like CNN’s sole? Asian same.
    I can also understand an “APA,” pardon the generic generalization, enthused about “anime” AND the study of militarism, even respect and admire a John McCain.
    But what I can’t understand — and, of course, that is MY failing, not yours — is how it is possible for ANYone, much less a member of “our” so-called “minority” to “identify” so fully with the “power structure” that governs, indeed, dictates, our lives and livings and choices and tastes.
    Stockholm Syndrome? For sure. At least a variation thereof, even IF ghettos are a “prison” and the inmates have about as much choice as their daily pabulum.
    You consider yourself an expert, if not “authority”?, on the subject of education in America. I claim not a single reference therein, but I DO know, from some specific experiences, that the Montessori system works. At least in some areas of “education.”
    “Disciplines” are, by self-definition, orthodoxies and are by that token, self-limiting. Discipline and practice also produce prodigies of performance and etonnement.
    But it all depends on the validities of the premises, outside of which box, there are scant values, if any.
    You casually, and easily, discount the living AND dying experiences and terrors and sufferings of your betters, to me at least. In the regions hereabouts where I am living these days, a Nevada monthly, years ago, republished the account of hooligans who rounded up a raft-load of Chinese laborers and towed the raft out to the middle of Lake Tahoe and sank same.
    Irrelevant today?
    Not on your father’s honor, your mother’s sanctity, your siblings’ hopes and fears.
    You belittle far too much with far too little.
    And your views and your beliefs betray same.
    As for Gollywood, who really gives a damn, unless you rely on it for a living, that is?
    What matters is the living, EVERYone’s, and that includes the need and the obligation of each and every one of us, race and creed and agendas notwithstanding, to stand up and be counted as a child, woman, man of “good will,” which means a child, woman, man who is willing to let live in the process and who is willing to share rather than hoard.
    Today’s headlines bespeak a reckoning for Americans. Indeed, my visit to the local supermarket, almost empty of cuxtomers, bespeak worse.
    And YOUR choice of candidates is the least and the worst of the three, whatever your ideological or economic theorizings, because his anointing would make these matters worse.
    And how can ANYone continue to ignore the sad and vicious exfoliations of OUR incitations in Iraq?
    Art, whoever you are or may be, forget your three shelves of textbooks and address the realities of today’s America, including our relatively small and likely irrelevant input here.
    But another part of me also insists that, relevant or no, it is incumbent upon us to speak up, make that effort, and then let the Devil take the hindermost.
    Frank Eng
    P.S.: And, folks, whereas it is nice and reassuring that “outsiders” choose to graze in our little cabbage patch here, and they should be welcome, there ARE the “Erbeses” who should be ignored. They are the haters and the baiters, and our best response is to ignore them and all their fulminations of misinfo and disinfo. They would hate that;, something worthy of their hate, for a change..

    –Frank Eng on Apr 16, 2008

  6. Mr. Eng,
    You have interesting “failings”.
    But Stockholm syndrome seems too specific. Maybe panopticism (Foucault) or a first-generation perversion of the survival instinct(Deleuze). And i mean these descriptions in a natural way, and not in a negative way. After all, I too think it would be GREAT if that CNN thing happened.
    So have you noticed a difference between awarthu and the other(s)?

    –not a prude on Apr 16, 2008

  7. Dear “not a prude”:
    Whoever YOU are.
    First, I am bemused that my “failings” are “interesting” to you. Failings are commonplace to ALL humans, but not all appear “interesting” to ANYone, especially the likes of vous, whoever ALL of you are or may be.
    As for Foucault and “panopticism,” I beg total ignorance, not that I belittle that which I know not of, dangling participle and all.
    DeLeuze’s “first-generation perversions” of the “survival instinct” also leaves me struck out at home plate.
    By the way, I am SECOND generation, and not at all apologetic.
    “Natural” and nonnegative?
    Come on, identify yourselves, and come out of your corner dancing AND “boxing,” as in nolo contendere.
    Frank Eng
    P.S.: “Christian,” “Erbes” (Erebus?), Captain Obvious, Mr. “Knight” and all you “Eddies” and oddities, the time has come, the Walrus said . . .
    And what are you? Kings? More likely cabbages.
    P.P.S.: “Millions” of Tibetans “murdered”? I’ll settle for the scores, hundreds, the “Free Tibet” people are proffering. Not that that isn’t horrific. But, next to a million Iraqis? No, guys, there can be NO excuse for the continuance of the last-referenced genocide.
    And btw, how can the “survival instinct” become “perverse”? Rationalize me that rationalization, if you csn, not a prude.
    .

    –Frank Eng on Apr 16, 2008

  8. Hold on there for just one minute.
    I think I’ve got it.
    The “perversion” of the “survival instinct,” that is.
    Your philosopher here, not-a-prude but likely a plant, is referring to the human phenomenon consensually recognized as “sacrifice”?
    As in “Sorrell and Son”? Or that pop fly out to left-field bleachers so that your teammate can score the winning run?
    Or, better yet, getting shot in the back like Tillman?
    But such considerations fail to address the term “perversion.”
    What is truly “perverse”?
    Those who do not see things as you profess?
    Or, indeed, in fact, is it not YOU who is perverse?
    To that other phenomenon of human nafure: compassion, foeget nurturing.
    As for compassion here, forgive me my press passes, even as I endeavor to forgive your TRESpasses onto grounds and precincts and issues that do not involve you in the least.
    In short, bug off, “talking points.”
    Frank Eng
    P.S.: Would that I had suich resources as what appears to be the full-fledged panoply of swiftboaters par excellence, or should that read ugh?

    –Frank Eng on Apr 17, 2008

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